R
Rightwinghank
Guest
This comprehensive timeline of Jewish history is broken down into four
parts: ancient, medieval, modern, and postmodern. Each timeline
contains events specific to Jewish history (in blue) as well as events
of "general" history (in black). Be sure also to consult the more
detailed timelines found at the beginning of each chapter of
Scheindlin's Short History of the Jewish People (on pp. 2, 26-27, 52,
72, 98-99, 124, 150, 174-175, 200, 218, and 236).
circa 3000
Kingdom of Egypt united
1800s?
Migrations of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob between Mesopotamia and Canaan
circa 1700
Code of Hammurabi (old Babylonian Empire)
1200?
Exodus from Egypt, conquest of Canaan
1100?
Establishment of the Kingdom of Israel
1000?
David, King of Israel; foundation of Jerusalem as capital city
950?
Solomon, King of Israel; building of First Temple in Jerusalem
900?
Divided Kingdoms of Israel (north) and Judah (south)
750s
Rise of Assyrian Empire
721
Fall of Israel (northern Kingdom), 10 Northern Tribes lost
612
Rise of (new) Babylonian Empire
587
Fall of Jerusalem; destruction of First Temple
587-538
Babylonian Exile
530s
Rise of Persian Empire
538-332
Persian rule of Judea (Yehud)
515
Rebuilding of the Second Temple in Jerusalem; circulation of the
Torah (?)
330s
Alexander the Great conquers Mediterranean, Egypt, Persia
320s
Alexander's Empire divided into three Hellenistic Kingdoms: Ptolemies
(Egypt), Seleucids (Syria), and Antigonids (Greece)
300-200
Ptolemaic rule of Judea (Ioudaia)
200-160
Seleucid rule of Judea (Ioudaia)
200
Canonization of the Nevi'im (?)
166-160
Macabbean Revolt against Antiochus IV
164
Rededication of the Temple by Judah Macabbee (Hanukkah)
160-63
Hasmonean Kingdom of Judea
63
Roman conquest of Judea (Roman rule continues, in various forms,
until 638 CE)
44
Assassination of Julius Caesar; Civil War in Rome
37-4
Herod the Great acts as client King of Judea; rebuilds the Temple
Mount
27
Augustus becomes first Emperor of Rome
TURN FROM Before Common Era (BCE) to Common Era (CE)
6 CE
Judea made into Roman province
30
Ministry and crucifixion of Jesus
66-73
First Jewish War; Second Temple destroyed by Romans (70 CE)
90
Canonization of the Ketuvim, and the Tanak (?)
132-135
Second Jewish War (Bar Kokhba revolt); destruction of Jerusalem
200
Compilation of Mishnah by Judah Ha-Nasi (the Prince; also known as
Rabbi)
212
Universal grant of citizenship to all inhabitants of the Roman
Empire
220s
Foundation of the Sassanid Empire in Persia and Mesopotamia;
establishment of rabbinic communities in Persia
313
Roman Emperor Constantine converts to Christianity; Persian King of
Kings Shapur II cements alliance with Zoroastrian priests
c. 380s
Jerusalem (Palestinian) Talmud closed
390s
Christianity becomes official religion of the Roman Empire
(persecution of Christians continues in Sassanid Persia)
c. 500
Babylonian Talmud closed
550s
Heightened persecution of Jews in Rome and Persia
614 Persian conquest of Jerusalem
622 Foundation of Islam (hijra)
638 Islamic conquest of Jerusalem; Pact of Umar
711
Islamic conquest of Spain
c. 750 Baghdad founded; rabbinic academies move to new Islamic
capital
c. 800 Karaite (anti-Rabbinic) movement
800 Coronation of Charlemagne as King of the Romans
c. 930s Masoretic text of the Bible established
969 Cairo founded
1066 Massacre of Jews in Grenada
1096 Massacre of Jews in Mainz (First Crusade)
1144 First "blood libel" against Jews (in Norwich, England)
c. 1150 Almohads (Islamic extremists) enter into Spain from North
Africa; family of Maimonides flees from Spain to Egypt
1215 Fourth Lateran Council in Rome (Jews subject to stricter
regulation under Christianity)
1258 Baghdad sacked by the Mongols; Nahmanides active
1290 Expulsion of Jews from England
1306-1394 Expulsion of Jews from France; settlement of Western
European Jews ("Ashkenazim") to northeastern Europe begins
1453 Islamic sack of Constantinople by Ottoman Turks
1492 Expulsion of Jews from Spain; settlement of Spanish Jews
("Sephardim") in Ottoman Empire; Columbus "discovers" North America
1497 Expulsion of Jews from Portugal
1516-1517 Jewish ghetto established in Venice (Italy); beginning of
the Protestant Reformation
1570s Kabbalists active in Safed (Ottoman Palestine); Jews expelled
from the Papal States (Italy)
1618-1648 Thirty Years' War; first pogroms of Jews in Eastern Europe
(Chmielnicki massacres in Poland)
1656 Excommunication of Benedictus (Baruch) Spinoza
1665 Shabbeti Zevi declares himself "messiah" (apostasy in 1666)
1689
John Locke's "A Letter Concerning Toleration"
1718 John Toland argues for enfranchisement of British Jews
1729-1786 Moses Mendelssohn
1760 Death of Baal Shem Tov (founder of Hasidism)
1772-1795 Partitions of Poland between Russia, Prussia, and Austria
1776 American colonies declare independence from Britain
1782 Joseph II of Germany (Holy Roman Empire) issues first Edict of
Toleration for Jews (later rescinded)
1789 French Revolution
1791 Enfranchisement of French Jews; Enfranchisement of U.S. Jews with
passing of the Bill of Rights; Catherine the Great (Russia)
established Pale of Settlement in which all Russian Jews must live
1812 Enfranchisement of French Jews extended to Prussia after defeat
by Napoleon (later rescinded)
1818 Foundation of first Reform Temple (Hamburg, Germany)
1824 First Reform Temple founded in United States (Charleston, South
Carolina)
1840s Abraham Geiger active in German Reform and Haskalah
1850s Samson Raphael Hirsch spearheads Modern Orthodox movement in
Europe; Zacharias Frankel breaks with reformers, eventually leading to
Conservative Movement
1861-1865 United States Civil War
1870 Reunification of Germany and Italy; emancipation of German and
Italian Jews
1873 Isaac Mayer Wise founds the Union of American Hebrew
Congregations (now the Union of Reform Judaism)
1881 Assassination of Czar Alexander II leads to increased violence
against Jews, and new waves of immigration to the United States
1882 "May Laws": Jews expelled from villages, restricted to tiny towns
in the Pale of Settlement
1890s Gradual full emancipation of British Jews
1893 Alfred Dreyfus (Jewish French military officer) charged with
treason; trial covered by Theodor Herzl
1896 Theodor Herzl writes The Jewish State
1897 First World Zionist Congress
1905 The Protocols of the Elders of Zion begin circulating in Russia
1906 Height of Jewish immigration to the United States
1913 Solomon Shechter founds the United Synagogue of America (now the
United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism)
1914-1918 World War I; end of Ottoman Empire; partition of "middle
east" (British receive Palestinian mandate)
1917 Russian (Communist) Revolution; Balfour Declaration
1925 Publication of Adolf Hitler's My Struggle (Mein Kampf)
1933 Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany
1935 Nuremberg Laws begin to strip German Jews of civil rights
1938 Kristallnacht
1939-1945 World War II (United States enters war in 1941); Shoah
1946 Nuremberg Trials of German war criminals
1947 United Nations votes to partition Palestine into Jewish and Arab
states; discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls in Judean desert (outside of
Jerusalem)
1948 Israel declares independence; immediately goes to war with
surrounding Arab nations (armistice signed in 1949)
1958 Elie Wiesel publishes Night (U.S. publication: 1960)
1961 Trial of Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem (executed in 1962)
1967 Six-Days' War
1972 Reform movement ordains the first female rabbi
(Reconstructionists ordain a woman rabbi in 1974; Conservatives in
1985)
1973 Yom Kippur War
1975 United Nations adopts resolution equating Zionism with racism and
racial discrimination (rescinded in 1991)
1978 Camp David Agreement between Israel and Egypt
1983 Reform movement overturns principle of matrilineal descent
1987 First Intifada (uprising) begins
1991 First Gulf War
1995 Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin assassinated at peace rally
2000 Arial Sharon (future Prime Minister of Israel) visits Haram al-
Sharif (Temple Mount) in Jerusalem with armed police officers; new
Intifada (uprising) begins in response
2001 Islamic terrorists attack the U.S., crashing passenger airliners
into the Pentagon and the World Trade Center (NYC)
2003 Second Gulf War
............................................................
Anti semitism on the rise worldwide....
Israel is turning Nazi.
Facts are not anti semitic...like I care about jewish labels and
attacks.
love
hank
parts: ancient, medieval, modern, and postmodern. Each timeline
contains events specific to Jewish history (in blue) as well as events
of "general" history (in black). Be sure also to consult the more
detailed timelines found at the beginning of each chapter of
Scheindlin's Short History of the Jewish People (on pp. 2, 26-27, 52,
72, 98-99, 124, 150, 174-175, 200, 218, and 236).
circa 3000
Kingdom of Egypt united
1800s?
Migrations of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob between Mesopotamia and Canaan
circa 1700
Code of Hammurabi (old Babylonian Empire)
1200?
Exodus from Egypt, conquest of Canaan
1100?
Establishment of the Kingdom of Israel
1000?
David, King of Israel; foundation of Jerusalem as capital city
950?
Solomon, King of Israel; building of First Temple in Jerusalem
900?
Divided Kingdoms of Israel (north) and Judah (south)
750s
Rise of Assyrian Empire
721
Fall of Israel (northern Kingdom), 10 Northern Tribes lost
612
Rise of (new) Babylonian Empire
587
Fall of Jerusalem; destruction of First Temple
587-538
Babylonian Exile
530s
Rise of Persian Empire
538-332
Persian rule of Judea (Yehud)
515
Rebuilding of the Second Temple in Jerusalem; circulation of the
Torah (?)
330s
Alexander the Great conquers Mediterranean, Egypt, Persia
320s
Alexander's Empire divided into three Hellenistic Kingdoms: Ptolemies
(Egypt), Seleucids (Syria), and Antigonids (Greece)
300-200
Ptolemaic rule of Judea (Ioudaia)
200-160
Seleucid rule of Judea (Ioudaia)
200
Canonization of the Nevi'im (?)
166-160
Macabbean Revolt against Antiochus IV
164
Rededication of the Temple by Judah Macabbee (Hanukkah)
160-63
Hasmonean Kingdom of Judea
63
Roman conquest of Judea (Roman rule continues, in various forms,
until 638 CE)
44
Assassination of Julius Caesar; Civil War in Rome
37-4
Herod the Great acts as client King of Judea; rebuilds the Temple
Mount
27
Augustus becomes first Emperor of Rome
TURN FROM Before Common Era (BCE) to Common Era (CE)
6 CE
Judea made into Roman province
30
Ministry and crucifixion of Jesus
66-73
First Jewish War; Second Temple destroyed by Romans (70 CE)
90
Canonization of the Ketuvim, and the Tanak (?)
132-135
Second Jewish War (Bar Kokhba revolt); destruction of Jerusalem
200
Compilation of Mishnah by Judah Ha-Nasi (the Prince; also known as
Rabbi)
212
Universal grant of citizenship to all inhabitants of the Roman
Empire
220s
Foundation of the Sassanid Empire in Persia and Mesopotamia;
establishment of rabbinic communities in Persia
313
Roman Emperor Constantine converts to Christianity; Persian King of
Kings Shapur II cements alliance with Zoroastrian priests
c. 380s
Jerusalem (Palestinian) Talmud closed
390s
Christianity becomes official religion of the Roman Empire
(persecution of Christians continues in Sassanid Persia)
c. 500
Babylonian Talmud closed
550s
Heightened persecution of Jews in Rome and Persia
614 Persian conquest of Jerusalem
622 Foundation of Islam (hijra)
638 Islamic conquest of Jerusalem; Pact of Umar
711
Islamic conquest of Spain
c. 750 Baghdad founded; rabbinic academies move to new Islamic
capital
c. 800 Karaite (anti-Rabbinic) movement
800 Coronation of Charlemagne as King of the Romans
c. 930s Masoretic text of the Bible established
969 Cairo founded
1066 Massacre of Jews in Grenada
1096 Massacre of Jews in Mainz (First Crusade)
1144 First "blood libel" against Jews (in Norwich, England)
c. 1150 Almohads (Islamic extremists) enter into Spain from North
Africa; family of Maimonides flees from Spain to Egypt
1215 Fourth Lateran Council in Rome (Jews subject to stricter
regulation under Christianity)
1258 Baghdad sacked by the Mongols; Nahmanides active
1290 Expulsion of Jews from England
1306-1394 Expulsion of Jews from France; settlement of Western
European Jews ("Ashkenazim") to northeastern Europe begins
1453 Islamic sack of Constantinople by Ottoman Turks
1492 Expulsion of Jews from Spain; settlement of Spanish Jews
("Sephardim") in Ottoman Empire; Columbus "discovers" North America
1497 Expulsion of Jews from Portugal
1516-1517 Jewish ghetto established in Venice (Italy); beginning of
the Protestant Reformation
1570s Kabbalists active in Safed (Ottoman Palestine); Jews expelled
from the Papal States (Italy)
1618-1648 Thirty Years' War; first pogroms of Jews in Eastern Europe
(Chmielnicki massacres in Poland)
1656 Excommunication of Benedictus (Baruch) Spinoza
1665 Shabbeti Zevi declares himself "messiah" (apostasy in 1666)
1689
John Locke's "A Letter Concerning Toleration"
1718 John Toland argues for enfranchisement of British Jews
1729-1786 Moses Mendelssohn
1760 Death of Baal Shem Tov (founder of Hasidism)
1772-1795 Partitions of Poland between Russia, Prussia, and Austria
1776 American colonies declare independence from Britain
1782 Joseph II of Germany (Holy Roman Empire) issues first Edict of
Toleration for Jews (later rescinded)
1789 French Revolution
1791 Enfranchisement of French Jews; Enfranchisement of U.S. Jews with
passing of the Bill of Rights; Catherine the Great (Russia)
established Pale of Settlement in which all Russian Jews must live
1812 Enfranchisement of French Jews extended to Prussia after defeat
by Napoleon (later rescinded)
1818 Foundation of first Reform Temple (Hamburg, Germany)
1824 First Reform Temple founded in United States (Charleston, South
Carolina)
1840s Abraham Geiger active in German Reform and Haskalah
1850s Samson Raphael Hirsch spearheads Modern Orthodox movement in
Europe; Zacharias Frankel breaks with reformers, eventually leading to
Conservative Movement
1861-1865 United States Civil War
1870 Reunification of Germany and Italy; emancipation of German and
Italian Jews
1873 Isaac Mayer Wise founds the Union of American Hebrew
Congregations (now the Union of Reform Judaism)
1881 Assassination of Czar Alexander II leads to increased violence
against Jews, and new waves of immigration to the United States
1882 "May Laws": Jews expelled from villages, restricted to tiny towns
in the Pale of Settlement
1890s Gradual full emancipation of British Jews
1893 Alfred Dreyfus (Jewish French military officer) charged with
treason; trial covered by Theodor Herzl
1896 Theodor Herzl writes The Jewish State
1897 First World Zionist Congress
1905 The Protocols of the Elders of Zion begin circulating in Russia
1906 Height of Jewish immigration to the United States
1913 Solomon Shechter founds the United Synagogue of America (now the
United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism)
1914-1918 World War I; end of Ottoman Empire; partition of "middle
east" (British receive Palestinian mandate)
1917 Russian (Communist) Revolution; Balfour Declaration
1925 Publication of Adolf Hitler's My Struggle (Mein Kampf)
1933 Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany
1935 Nuremberg Laws begin to strip German Jews of civil rights
1938 Kristallnacht
1939-1945 World War II (United States enters war in 1941); Shoah
1946 Nuremberg Trials of German war criminals
1947 United Nations votes to partition Palestine into Jewish and Arab
states; discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls in Judean desert (outside of
Jerusalem)
1948 Israel declares independence; immediately goes to war with
surrounding Arab nations (armistice signed in 1949)
1958 Elie Wiesel publishes Night (U.S. publication: 1960)
1961 Trial of Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem (executed in 1962)
1967 Six-Days' War
1972 Reform movement ordains the first female rabbi
(Reconstructionists ordain a woman rabbi in 1974; Conservatives in
1985)
1973 Yom Kippur War
1975 United Nations adopts resolution equating Zionism with racism and
racial discrimination (rescinded in 1991)
1978 Camp David Agreement between Israel and Egypt
1983 Reform movement overturns principle of matrilineal descent
1987 First Intifada (uprising) begins
1991 First Gulf War
1995 Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin assassinated at peace rally
2000 Arial Sharon (future Prime Minister of Israel) visits Haram al-
Sharif (Temple Mount) in Jerusalem with armed police officers; new
Intifada (uprising) begins in response
2001 Islamic terrorists attack the U.S., crashing passenger airliners
into the Pentagon and the World Trade Center (NYC)
2003 Second Gulf War
............................................................
Anti semitism on the rise worldwide....
Israel is turning Nazi.
Facts are not anti semitic...like I care about jewish labels and
attacks.
love
hank
