Iraq Oil For Israel; Shalom

Iraq Oil For Israel

http://wais.stanford.edu/Iraq/iraq_IraqiOilForIsrael(110503).html

Kirkuk to Haifa Pipeline: Reason for the War?

http://zionofascism.wordpress.com/category/netanyahu-watch/

Our Real Government Is in Israel

http://www.apfn.org/apfn/iraq_israel.htm

Interim Agreement between Israel and Egypt

(September 1, 1975)

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The agreement, initialed in Jerusalem and Alexandria on 1 September,

and officially signed in Geneva on 4 September, provided for a limited

forces zone, a UN supervised buffer zone, an Israeli and an Egyptian

electronic surveillance station and an additional station to be manned

by 200 American civilian technicians as part of an early warning

system. The American presence was specified in a separate agreement

between the U.S., Israel and Egypt. Egypt regained access to the Abu

Rudeis oil fields. The duration of the agreement was to be at least

three years with an annual extension of the mandate of the UNEF. The

details were prepared by Israeli and Egyptian delegates who met in

Geneva as a military working group. Map. Text:

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AGREEMENT BETWEEN EGYPT AND ISRAEL

The Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Government of

Israel have agreed that:

Article I

The conflict between them and in the Middle East shall not be resolved

by military force but by peaceful means.

The Agreement concluded by the parties on 18 January 1974, within the

framework of the Geneva Peace Conference, constituted a first step

towards a just and durable peace according to the provisions of

Security Council Resolution 338 of 22 October 1973.

They are determined to reach a final and just peace settlement by

means of negotiations called for by Security Council Resolution 338,

this Agreement being a significant step towards that end.

Article II

The parties hereby undertake not to resort to the threat or use of

force or military blockade against each other.

Article III

The parties shall continue scrupulously to observe the cease-fire on

land, sea and air and to refrain from all military or para-military

actions against each other. The parties also confirm that the

obligations contained in the annex and, when concluded, the Protocol

shall be an integral part of this Agreement.

Article IV

A. The military forces of the parties shall be deployed in accordance

with the following principles:

(1) All Israeli forces shall be deployed east of the lines designated

as lines J and M on the attached map.

(2) All Egyptian forces shall be deployed west of the line designated

as line E on the attached map.

(3) The area between the lines designated on the attached map as lines

E and F and the area between the lines designated on the attached map

as lines J and K shall be limited in armament and forces.

(4) The limitations on armament and forces in the areas described by

paragraph (3) above shall be agreed as described in the attached

annex.

(5) The zone between the lines designated on the attached map as lines

E and J will be a buffer zone. In this zone the United Nations

Emergency Force will continue to perform its functions as under the

Egyptian-Israeli Agreement of 18 January 1974.

(6) In the area south from line E and west from line M, as defined on

the attached map, there will be no military forces, as specified in

the attached annex.

B. The details concerning the new lines, the redeployment of the

forces and its timing, the limitation on armaments and forces, aerial

reconnaissance, the operation of the early warning and surveillance

installations and the use of the roads, the United Nations functions

and other arrangements will all be in accordance with the provisions

of the annex and map which are an integral part of this Agreement and

of the protocol which is to result from negotiations pursuant to the

annex and which, when concluded, shall become an integral part of this

Agreement.

Article V

The United Nations Emergency Force is essential and shall continue its

functions and its mandate shall be extended annually.

Article VI

The parties hereby establish a joint commission for the duration of

this Agreement. It will function under the aegis of the chief co-

ordinator of the United Nations peace-keeping missions in the Middle

East in order to consider any problem arising from this Agreement and

to assist the United Nations Emergency Force in the execution of its

mandate. The joint commission shall function in accordance with

procedures established in the Protocol.

Article VII

Non-military cargoes destined for or coming from Israel shall be

permitted through the Suez Canal.

Article VIII

This Agreement is regarded by the parties as a significant step toward

a just and lasting peace. It is not a final peace agreement.

The parties shall continue their efforts to negotiate a final peace

agreement within the framework of the Geneva peace conference in

accordance with Security Council Resolution 338.

Article IX

This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature of the Protocol

and remain in force until superseded by a new agreement.

ANNEX TO THE EGYPT-ISRAEL AGREEMENT

Within five days after the signature of the Egypt-Israel Agreement,

representatives of the two parties shall meet in the military working

group of the Middle East peace conference at Geneva to begin

preparation of a detailed Protocol for the implementation of the

Agreement. The working group will complete the Protocol within two

weeks. In order to facilitate preparation of the Protocol and

implementation of the agreement, and to assist in maintaining the

scrupulous observance of the cease-fire and other elements of the

Agreement, the two parties have agreed on the following principles,

which are an integral part of the Agreement, as guidelines for the

working group.

1. DEFINITIONS OF LINES AND AREAS

The deployment lines, areas of limited forces and armaments, buffer

zones, the area south from line E and west from line M, other

designated areas, road sections for common use and other features

referred to in article IV of the Agreement shall be as indicated on

the attached map (1:100,000 - United States edition).

2. BUFFER ZONES

(A) Access to the buffer zones will be controlled by the United

Nations Emergency Force, according to procedures to be worked out by

the working group and the United Nations Emergency Force.

(B) Aircraft of either party will be permitted to fly freely up to the

forward line of that party. Reconnaissance aircraft of either party

may fly up to the middle line of the buffer zone between E and J on an

agreed schedule.

© In the buffer zone, between lines E and J, there will be

established under article IV of the Agreement an early warning system

entrusted to United States civilian personnel as detailed in a

separate proposal, which is a part of this Agreement.

(D) Authorized personnel shall have access to the buffer zone for

transit to and from the early warning system; the manner in which this

is carried out shall be worked out by the working group and the United

Nations Emergency Force.

3. AREA SOUTH OF LINE E AND WEST OF LINE M

(A) In this area, the United Nations Emergency Force will assure that

there are no military or para-military forces of any kind, military

fortifications and military installations; it will establish

checkpoints and have the freedom of movement necessary to perform this

function.

(B) Egyptian civilians and third country civilian oil field personnel

shall have the right to enter, exit from, work and live in the above

indicated area, except for buffer zones 2A, 2B and the United Nations

posts. Egyptian civilian police shall be allowed in the area to

perform normal civil police functions among the civilian population in

such number and with such weapons and equipment as shall be provided

for in the Protocol.

© Entry to and exit from the area, by land, by air or by sea, shall

be only through United Nations Emergency Force checkpoints. The United

Nations Emergency Force shall also establish checkpoints along the

road, the dividing line and at either points, with the precise

locations and number to be included in the Protocol.

(D) Access to the airspace and the coastal area shall be limited to

unarmed Egyptian civilian vessels and unarmed civilian helicopters and

transport planes involved in the civilian activities of the area as

agreed by the working group.

(E) Israel undertakes to leave intact all currently existing civilian

installations and infrastructures.

(F) Procedures for use of the common sections of the coastal road

along the Gulf of Suez shall be determined by the working group and

detailed in the Protocol.

4. AERIAL SURVEILLANCE

There shall be a continuation of aerial reconnaissance missions by the

United States over the areas covered by the Agreement (the area

between lines F and K), following the same procedures already in

practice. The missions will ordinarily be carried out at a frequency

of one mission every 7-10 days, with either party or the United

Nations Emergency Force empowered to request an earlier mission. The

United States Government will make the mission results available

expeditiously to Israel, Egypt and the chief coordinator of the United

Nations peace-keeping missions in the Middle East.

5. LIMITATION OF FORCES AND ARMAMENTS

(A) Within the areas of, limited forces and armaments (the areas

between lines J and K and lines E and F) the major limitations shall

be as follows:

(1) Eight (8) standard infantry battalions.

(2) Seventy-five (75) tanks.

(3) Seventy-two (72) artillery pieces, including heavy mortars (i.e.

with caliber larger than 120 mm), whose range shall not exceed twelve

(12) km.

(4) The total number of personnel shall not exceed eight thousand

(8,000).

(5) Both parties agree not to station or locate in the area weapons

which can reach the line of the other side.

(6) Both parties agree that in the areas between line A (of the

disengagement agreement of 18 January 1974) and line E they will

construct no new fortifications or installations for forces of a size

greater than that agreed herein.

(B) The major limitations beyond the areas of limited forces and

armament will be:

(1) Neither side will station nor locate any weapon in areas from

which they can reach the other line.

(2) The parties will not place anti-aircraft missiles within an area

of ten (10) kilometres east of line K and west of line F,

respectively.

© The United Nations Emergency Force will conduct inspections in

order to ensure the maintenance of the agreed limitations within these

areas.

6. PROCESS OF IMPLEMENTATION

The detailed implementation and timing of the redeployment of forces,

turnover of oil fields, and other arrangements called for by the

Agreement, annex and Protocol shall be determined by the working

group, which will agree on the stages of this process, including the

phased movement of Egyptian troops to line E and Israeli troops to

line J. The first phase will be the transfer of the oil fields and

installations to Egypt. This process will begin within two weeks from

the signature of the Protocol with the introduction of the necessary

technicians, and it will be completed no later than eight weeks after

it begins. The details of the phasing will be worked out in the

military working group.

Implementation of the redeployment shall be completed within five

months after signature of the Protocol.

Proposal

In connexion with the early warning system referred to in article IV

of the Agreement between Egypt and Israel concluded on this date and

as an integral part of that Agreement (hereafter referred to as the

basic Agreement), the United States proposes the following:

1. The early warning system to be established in accordance with

article IV in the area shown on the map attached to the basic

agreement will be entrusted to the United States. It shall have the

following elements:

A. There shall be two surveillance stations to provide strategic early

warning, one operated by Egyptian and one operated by Israeli

personnel. Their locations are shown on the map attached to the basic

Agreement. Each station shall be manned by not more than 250 technical

and administrative personnel. They shall perform the functions of

visual and electronic surveillance only within their stations.

B. In support of these stations, to provide tactical early warning and

to verify access to them, three watch stations shall be established by

the United States in the Mitla and Giddi Passes as will be shown on

the map attached to the basic Agreement. These stations shall be

operated by United States civilian personnel. In support of these

stations, there shall be established three unmanned electronic sensor

fields at both ends of each Pass and in the general vicinity of each

station and the roads leading to and from those stations.

2. The United States civilian personnel shall perform the following

duties in connexion with the operation and maintenance of these

stations.

A. At the two surveillance stations described in paragraph 1 A. above,

United States civilian personnel will verify the nature of the

operations of the stations and all movement into and out of each

station and will immediately report any detected divergency from its

authorized role of visual and electronic surveillance to the parties

to the basic Agreement and to the United Nations Emergency Force.

B. At each watch station described in paragraph 1 B. above, the United

States civilian personnel will immediately report to the parties to

the basic Agreement and to the United Nations Emergency Force any

movement of armed forces, other than the United Nations Emergency

Force, into either Pass and any observed preparations for such

movement.

C. The total number of United States civilian personnel assigned to

functions under this proposal shall not exceed 200. Only civilian

personnel shall be assigned to functions under this proposal.

3. No arms shall be maintained at the stations and other facilities

covered by this proposal, except for small arms required for their

protection.

4. The United States personnel serving the early warning system shall

be allowed to move freely within the area of the system.

5. The United States and its personnel shall be entitled to have such

support facilities as are reasonably necessary to perform their

functions provided for in the United Nations Emergency Force Agreement

of 13 February 1957.

6. The United States personnel shall be immune from local criminal,

civil, tax and customs jurisdiction and may be accorded any other

specific privileges and immunities provided for in the United Nations

Emergency Force Agreement of 13 February 1957.

7. The United States affirms that it will continue to perform the

functions described above for the duration of the basic Agreement.

8. Notwithstanding any other provision of this proposal, the United

States may withdraw its personnel only if it concludes that their

safety is jeopardized or that continuation of their role is no longer

necessary. In the latter case the parties to the basic Agreement will

be informed in advance in order to give them the opportunity to make

alternative arrangements. If both parties to the basic Agreement

request the United States to conclude its role under this proposal,

the United States will consider such requests conclusive.

9. Technical problems including the location of the watch stations

will be worked out through consultation with the United States.

Henry A. Kissinger

Secretary of State

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Source: Israeli Foreign Ministry

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