I don't think you got the reason for Sowell's (and my) argument. We are not justifying the urban culture and defending the culture of urban America. What we are saying is the complete opposite. There are people who do defend, and in fact celebrate, this urban culture which does nothing but encourage crime, violence and disrespect for women. I don't use the term ****** myself for the same reason I don't use whitey to describe white trash or chink to describe asian gangsters or spic to describe hispanic gang members. I understand that those who use ******, on this board, by and large are not using it to describe all blacks. Given the history of the use of the word to describe all blacks I choose to forego the use of the term. Particularly since I have seldom seen the use of another racial slur to desribe all scumbags. I prefer the word scumbag to describe scumbags of any race. Sowell points out why there tends to be a higher percentage of scumbags among black Americans than the population as a whole.