Well, I thought you would give a factual debate, not just the first hit of Google.
Laboratoire Physiopathologie du Comportement - Inserm U.588, Institut Francois Magendie, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
Drug addiction is a medical condition, a chronic relapsing disease. As in other domains of experimental medicine, appropriate experimental investigations are needed in order to better understand the disease. However, to understand the diverse facets of drug effects and of the underlying pathophysiology it is necessary to keep in mind the complexity of the psychopathological processes. The main symptoms that characterize addiction correspond to expressions of dysfunctions within specific circuits and regions. Pathways to addiction are numerous and comorbidity and in the real world poly-drug use are common. Some of these aspects will be examined as well as the role of life events and stress. Theoretical considerations will be proposed [see also: Koob, G.F., & Le Moal, M.. 2005a. Neurobiology of Addiction. Elsevier. 570 pp] to account for the stages of the disease from impulse control disorder to compulsive disorders, for affective dynamics and for the relations between the symptoms and pathophysiology.
PMID: 17169534 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
And from one of the latest abstracts:
PMID- 11964061
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA - 20020419
DCOM- 20020530
LR - 20061115
PUBM- Print
IS - 0965-2140 (Print)
VI - 97
IP - 4
DP - 2002 Apr
TI - The role of brain emotional systems in addictions: a neuro-evolutionary
perspective and new 'self-report' animal model.
PG - 459-69
AB - The evolutionary significance of neurochemical events in the brain has
received minimal attention in the field of addiction research. Likewise,
the general failure of neuroscientists to postulate how basic brain
circuits might mediate emotional urges has retarded the development of
scientific perspectives that could inform new inquiries into the
underlying dynamics and treatment of addictions. In this paper, we revisit
the argument that prototypically abused substances activate or alter
specific emotional brain systems that were evolutionarily designed to
signal potential increments or decrements in fitness. We then discuss two
distinct emotional systems (reward seeking and separation distress) which
may track different types of potential changes in fitness. Based on this
evolutionarily inspired approach, we illustrate how a mammalian model of
emotion (i.e. rodent ultrasonic vocalizations) may enable scientists to
predict drug-related phenomena such as abuse potential, anatomical
location of mediating neural substrates, and the psychological impact of
withdrawal. We conclude by discussing some therapeutic and social
implications of examining drug addiction processes with multiple emotional
brain systems in mind.
AD - Department of Psychology, J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and
Behavior Bowling Green State University, OH 43403, USA.
jpankse@bgnet.bgsu.edu
FAU - Panksepp, Jaak
AU - Panksepp J
FAU - Knutson, Brian
AU - Knutson B
FAU - Burgdorf, Jeff
AU - Burgdorf J
LA - eng
PT - Journal Article
PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PT - Review
PL - England
TA - Addiction
JT - Addiction (Abingdon, England)
JID - 9304118
SB - IM
CIN - Addiction. 2002 Apr;97(4):470-1. PMID: 11964062
CIN - Addiction. 2002 Apr;97(4):472-3. PMID: 11964063
CIN - Addiction. 2002 Apr;97(4):473-4. PMID: 11964064
MH - Animals
MH - Behavior, Addictive/ physiopathology/psychology
MH - Brain Chemistry/ physiology
MH - Emotions
MH - Evolution
MH - Models, Animal
MH - Sociology
MH - Substance-Related Disorders/physiopathology/therapy
RF - 92
EDAT- 2002/04/20 10:00
MHDA- 2002/05/31 10:01
AID - 25 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO - Addiction. 2002 Apr;97(4):459-69.
You know, from a real University, from real funding, with
real publishing. The long story short? Addtiction is a hard
thing to understand and even doctors don't always get it right. However, a jo/slmo saying, it didn't happen to me, why did it happen
to you doesn't cut it.
And I noticed I responded to you and you conveniently ignored that, but berated me
for ignoring yours. I see how you are.